Benin is facing a growing jihadist threat as JNIM expands from the Sahel into the country’s northern territories. Since 2021, attacks on military and civilian targets have intensified, causing displacement, food insecurity, and disruption to essential services. The crisis is also spreading southward, raising concerns about the long-term security of previously stable areas. In response, Benin has expanded its military presence and strengthened security cooperation with Nigeria through intelligence-sharing and joint border operations. This study examines the evolution of the threat, its regional and local drivers, Benin’s response, and the risks shaping the country’s security trajectory.
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